What Is Frozen Shoulder and Why Does It Cause Pain and Stiffness?

Introduction to Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, is a common condition. It causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. Over time, the shoulder becomes hard to move. Many people wonder how to manage frozen shoulder. This guide explains frozen shoulder symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), frozen shoulder affects about 2% to 5% of adults. It often develops slowly but can last for months or even years.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder symptoms usually start slowly. However, they can get worse over time. You may notice:

Pain in the shoulder, especially at night

Stiffness that makes it hard to move your arm

Trouble doing daily tasks, like reaching overhead

Pain that gets worse with movement

Weakness in the shoulder

At first, pain is the main problem. Later, stiffness becomes more noticeable. Eventually, both pain and stiffness may improve, but this can take a long time.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not always know the exact cause of frozen shoulder. Still, some things can raise your risk. For example, you may be more likely to get frozen shoulder if you:

Are between 40 and 60 years old

Are female

Have diabetes

Have had a shoulder injury or surgery

Have thyroid problems

Have heart disease

Sometimes, frozen shoulder happens after you keep your arm still for a long time. This can occur after an injury or surgery. In some cases, the cause is unknown.

Diagnosis Methods

Doctors use several methods to diagnose frozen shoulder. First, they ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, they check your shoulder movement and pain. They may also:

Order X-rays to rule out other problems

Use MRI or ultrasound to look at soft tissues

These tests help doctors make sure you have frozen shoulder and not another condition. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), early diagnosis can help you start treatment sooner.

Treatment Options

Frozen shoulder treatment aims to reduce pain and improve movement. Most people get better with simple treatments. Common options include:

Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the shoulder

Pain medicines, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen

Heat or cold packs to ease pain

Corticosteroid injections to reduce swelling

Gentle exercises at home

In rare cases, surgery may be needed. However, most people recover without it. Always follow your doctor’s advice for the best results.

Prevention and Self-Care Tips

While you cannot always prevent frozen shoulder, you can lower your risk. Try these self-care tips:

Keep your shoulder moving after an injury or surgery

Do gentle stretches as advised by your doctor

Manage health problems like diabetes

Apply heat or cold to reduce pain

Rest your shoulder, but do not stop moving it completely

With regular care, you can help your shoulder heal faster. If you notice pain or stiffness, act early to prevent it from getting worse.

When to See an Orthopedic Surgeon

Sometimes, frozen shoulder does not improve with home care. In these cases, you should see an orthopedic surgeon. You should seek help if:

Pain or stiffness lasts more than a few weeks

You cannot move your arm at all

Treatments do not help

You have other health problems that affect your shoulder

Early treatment can prevent long-term problems. An orthopedic specialist can suggest the best frozen shoulder treatment for you.

Consult an orthopedic specialist for personalized advice on frozen shoulder.